Difference Between

• Living vs Non living Things / Plants vs Animals / Unicellular vs Multicellular Organism

• Natural vs Artificial Classification

• Natural vs Phylogenetic Classification

• Bentham and Hooker vs Prantl's System of Classification

• Sexual vs Asexual Classification

• Old vs New Biotechnology

Biochemistry

• Anabolism vs Catabolism

• Proteinogenic Amino acid vs Non Proteinogenic amino acid 

• DNA vs RNA

• Reducing vs non reducing sugar 

• Oligosaccharide vs Polysaccharides

• Saturated vs un saturated fatty acids

• Amylose vs Amylopectin / Ribose vs Ribulose

• Essential vs Non Essential Fatty acids

• Primary vs Secondary Structure of Protein

• Globular vs Fibrous Protein / Hexokinase vs Glucokinase

• Lock and Key hypothesis vs Induced fit hypothesis 

• Enzymes vs Hormones / Enzymes vs Inorganic Catalyst

• Fat soulable vs Water Soluble Vitamins

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Chromosomes

Biotechnology

• Genomic  vs cDNA library 

• Type I vs Type II Restriction Enzymes

• Cloning vector vs Expression Vector /Gene Cloning vs PCR / Cosmid vs Lambda vectors

• Somatic vs Germline Therapy / Gene augmentation vs Corrective gene Therapy

• Minisatellite vs Microsatellite 

• Southern vs Northern Blotting 

• FISH vs GISH

Bioinformatics

• Primary vs Secondary Database 

• Generalised vs Specialized Database

•  PAM vs BLOSUM Matrix 

• Genomics vs Proteomics
• Global vs Local Sequence Alignment  / Pairwise vs Multiple Sequence Alignment  

Cytology

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells / Cell theory vs Modern Cell Theory

• Plant cell vs Animal cell /  Plant cell vs Bacterial cell

• Cell wall vs Cell membrane

• 70S vs 80S Ribosomes

• Primary cell wall vs Secondary cell wall

• Chromatin vs Chromosomes

• Mitochondria vs Chloroplast / Mitochondria vs Peroxisome

• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulam (SER) vs Rough Endoplasmic Reticulam (RER)

• 70 S vs 80 S (Ribosome)/ Prokaryotic Ribosome vs Eukaryotic Ribosome

• Pinocytosis vs Phagocytosis

• Pili vs Fimbriae /Cillia vs Flagella /  Cilia vs Microvilli /  Cilia vs Centriole 
• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Flagella / Archaebacterial vs Eubacterial Flagella 

• Mitosis vs Meiosis / Animal Cell mitosis vs Plant Cell Mitosis

• Gametic vs Zygotic vs Sporic meiosis

• Renaturation vs Denaturation of DNA

• Karyokinesis vs Cytokinesis / Cytokinesis in plants vs animal cells / 

• Benign vs Malignant  / Oncogene vs Tumor Suppressor gene

Disease

• Hepatitis A vs B vs C / Syphilis vs Gonorrhoea

Molecular Biology

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic DNA

• Prokaryotic vs EukaryoticChromosome

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic DNA replication

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic DNA transcription

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic DNA translation

• Replication vs Transcription / Sense vs antisense strand of DNA

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Gene Expression

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis

• Oncogene vs Tumor Suppressor gene

Ecology &  Conservation Biology

• Autoecology vs Synecology / Natural vs Artificial Ecosystem

• Food Chain vs Food Web

• Grazing vs Detritus Food Chain

• Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) vs Net Primary Productivity(NPP)

• Insitu vs Ex situ Conservation

• Primary vs Secondary Succession 
• Predation vs Parasitism

Evolution

• Microevolution vs Macroevolution vs Megaevolution 

• Darwinism vs Neo Darwinism

• Darwinism vs Lamarckism

• Lamarckism vs Neo Lamarckism

• Homologous vs Analogous Structure (Organs)

• Old world Monkeys vs New World Monkeys

•  Allopatric vs Sympatric Speciation

Genetics

• Genetics vs Genomics
• Monohybrid vs Dihybrid / Homozygous vs Heterozygous 

• DNA  vs Gene vs Chromosome  

• Dominance vs Recessive /Qualitative vs Quantitative Inheritance (traits/genetics)

• Denaturation vs Renaturation of DNA / Incomplete vs Co Dominance 

• House keeping gene vs Luxury Gene

• Linkage vs Crossing Over

• Autosomal  vs Sex chromasomal disorders

• Klinefelter-syndrome vs Turner Syndrome

• Nuclear DNA vs Mitochondrial DNA / Chloroplast vs Mitochondrial DNA

Human Biology - Human Physiology

• Bone vs Cartilage / Blood vs Lymph /  Sweat vs Sebum  / Tendon vs Ligament

• Red & White Muscle / Cardiac vs Straited Muscle / Striated vs Non striated Muscle

• Rod vs Cones / Blind spot vs Yellow spot

• Arteries vs Veins / Axon vs Dendrites

• Male Urethra vs Female Urethra / Open vs Closed Circulatory System / Adrenal cortex vs Adrenal Medulla

• RBC vs WBC

• Respiration vs Breathing /SA node vs AV node / Cerebrum vs Cerebellum

• Small Intestine vs Large intestine / Micelles vs Chylomicrons 

• Exocrine vs Endocrine glands / Estrogen vs Progesterone / 

• Somatostatin vs Somatotrophin / Vassopressin vs Oxytocin / LH vs FSH

• Glucocorticoids vs Minerallocorticoids

• Leydig's vs Stertoli cells

• Spermatogenesis vs Spermiogenesis / Spermatogenesis vs Oogenesis 

• Diabetes mellitus vs Diabetes Insipidus

• Male vs Female Skeleton

Immunology

• Primary vs Secondary Lymphoid Organs

• Antigen vs Antibody

• Active vs Passive Immunity

• Innate vs Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity

• B- cells (B-lymphocytes) vs T-cells (T-lymphocytes)

• MHC Class I vs MHC Class II

Plant Science

• Algae vs Bryophytes / Red Algae vs Green Algae/ Fungi vs Lichen / Oomycetes vs True fungi

• Liverworts vs Mosses / Bryophytes vs Pteridophytes / Pteridophytes vs Gymnosperms

• Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms / Pteridophytes vs Angiosperms

• Gametophyte vs Sporophyte/ False vs True Indusium

• Sexual Cycle vs Parasexual Cycle

• Self Pollination vs Cross Pollination / Insect pollinated vs Wind Pollinated flowers

• Mitospores vs Meiospores

•  Xylem vs Phloem / Protoxylem vs Metaxylem

• Stem vs Root /Spines vs Thorns / Phyllode vs Phylloclade / Flower vs Inflorescence 

• Rhizome vs Tuber / Corm vs Bulb

•  Monocotyledonous vs Dicotyledonous Plants 

• Monocot vs Dicot Leaf / Monocot vs Dicot seed / Monocot vs Dicot Embryo

• Endospermous vs Non endospermous seed

• Transpiration vs Guttation

• Eusporangiate vs Leptosporangiate /  Epigeal vs Hypogeal germination

• Cereals vs Millets / Japonica vs Indian rice

• Raphides vs Cystolith

Plant  Anatomy

• Spring wood vs Autumn wood /Secondary growth in dicot stem vs dicot root 
• Tracheid vs Vessels / Sieve tube vs Sieve elements / 
• Compression wood vs Tension wood /Sap wood vs Heart wood /
• Hard wood vs Soft wood
• Parenchyma vs Collenchyma / Chlorenchyma vs Collenchyma

Plant  Physiology

• Diffusion vs Osmosis  / Osmosis vs Imbibition

• Bacterial photosynthesis vs Photosynthesis in plants

• C3 vs C4 vs CAM plants / C3 vs C4 plants

• PS I  vs PS II

• Dark reaction vs Light Reaction in Photosynthesis

• Cyclic vs Non Cyclic Photophosphorylation / Mesophyll chloroplast vs Bundle sheath chloroplast 

• Calvin Cycle vs Krebs cycle 

• Fluorscence vs Phosphorescence / Absorption spectrum vs Action Spectrum

• Glycolysis vs Kreb's cycle / Anaerobic Respiration vs Fermentation

• Photoperiodism vs Vernalization

• Hydroponics vs Aeroponics

• Photorespiration vs Aerobic respiration

• Stomata vs Hydathodes / Transpiration vs Guttation / Transpiration vs Evaporation

• Apoplast vs Symplast

• Auxin vs Gibberllin

• Microelements & Macroelements

• Organic manure vs Fertilizer

• PR vs PFR form

• Respiration vs Combustion (Burning) 

• Kharif vs Rabi crops 

• Rusts vs Smuts / Chlorosis vs Etiolation

• Cutting vs Layering

Animals

• Polyp vs Medusae / Butterfly vs Moth / Female moth vs Male moth / Frog vs Toad

• Butterfly vs Caterpillar / Oviparous vs Viviparous animals

•  Anopheles vs Culex / Larava vs Pupa of Mosquito

• Cartilaginous vs Bony Fishes / Male vs Female Cockroach 

• Man vs Ape 

• Ammonotelism vs Uricotelism vs Ureotelism

Microbiology 

• Gram Positive Bacteria vs Gram negative Bacteria 

• Gram positive vs gram negative bacterial cell wall

• Bacteria vs Cyanobacteria

• Eubacteria vs Archaebacteria  Prions vs Viroids Corona vs Covid 19

• Prions vs Viroids Positive Sense RNA virus vs Negative Sense RNA virus

• Enveloped virus vs Non enveloped virus / Plant virus vs Animal virus

Research Methodology

• Law vs Theory

• Null Hypothesis vs Alternate Hypothesis 

• Dependent variable vs Independent Variable 

• Control group vs Experimental group

Techniques 

• Callus culture vs Suspension Culture 

•  Light Microscope vs Electron Microscope

• Electron Microscope vs Light Microscope

• Scanning Electron Microscope vs Transmission Electron Microscope (SEM vs TEM)

• RAPD vs RFLP

Zoology

• Diapause vs Hibernation 

•  Aestivation vs Hibernation

• Cold blooded vs Warm blooded animal