The Science of Alzheimer's Disease || Amyloid and Tau protein Neuroscience @biologyexams4u

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Alzheimer's disease and its effects on brain was first studied and discovered by Dr. Alloy's
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Alzheimer in 1906. He found abnormal clumps of protein in the brain tissue of a patient
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who showed signs of memory loss, language problems and confusion. Today, these clumps
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are known as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which are hallmarks of Alzheimer's
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Alzheimer's is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that affects at least 50 million people worldwide. Our brain is made up of billions of nerve cells
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called neurons, that are always communicating with each other. The word neurodegeneration describes any disease that causes neurons to weaken and eventually die
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Alzheimer's disease is thought to be caused by the abnormal buildup of proteins in and around
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brain cells. Now let's understand the science behind Alzheimer's disease. Out of many causes
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two proteins are thought to be primarily associated with Alzheimer's disease. First one is called amyloid, deposits of which form plaques around brain cells
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Amyloid helps the brain recover from injury and protects against bacteria, viruses, and tumors
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However when errors occur in the production of amyloid it can stick to itself and form long chains called oligomers These oligomers can combine with one another and form larger clumps called amyloid plaques
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Normally, oligomers and plaques are cleared from the brain, but as we age
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the body is less capable to stop them from building up. The other protein is called tau, deposits of which form tangles within brain cells
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Tau acts as a key component of a neuron's cytoskeleton, which is similar to the bones
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in our bodies, gives neurons their shape and helps them carry out their jobs
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Tau is very sensitive to changes in the brain. Changes such as amyloid buildup can cause tau
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to become damaged and a neuron's cytoskeleton to fall apart. Neurons cannot function properly
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without a healthy cytoskeleton. Also, like amyloid, tau can stick to itself to form tau
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oligomers, which can spread throughout the brain. These oligomers later form neurofibrillary tangles
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that gather inside of neurons, disrupting the communication network and causing them to die
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Recent research indicates that a polypoprotein, APO, a gene that determines how fats are used as
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energy, significantly influences Alzheimer's disease susceptibility. The exact mechanism is not known. And finally, give care, take care, stay blessed. Thank you so much

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The Science of Alzheimer's Disease || Amyloid and Tau protein Neuroscience @biologyexams4u

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The Science of Alzheimer's Disease || Amyloid and Tau protein Neuroscience @biologyexams4u

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