RNA (ribo nucleic acid) is single stranded made of ribonucleotides. mRNA acts as a messenger between DNA and protein during protein synthesis. The major constituent of ribosome is rRNA which is involved in protein synthesis. tRNA functions as an adaptor molecule aligning correct amino acids in the peptide chain during protein synthesis.
Russian
biochemist Phoebus Levene discovered the order of the three major components of
a single nucleotide both DNA and RNA (phosphate-sugar-base)
Sugar
and phosphate forms the backbone of RNA
1.
Phosphate group
2. Pentose Sugar molecule (ribose in RNA)
3.
Nitrogen-containing base.
1.
Phosphate group
A free, unincorporated nucleotide contains a chain of three
phosphates (triphosphosphates). During formation of RNA strand, it loses two of
these phosphate groups, so that only one phosphate is incorporated the RNA
strand.
The negative charge of RNA is due to the phosphate group that contains one negatively charged oxygen atom.
2. Pentose Sugar molecule (ribose in RNA)
The sugar in RNA is ribose. In ribose, the 2nd C position of ribose sugar has OH group unlike H atom in deoxy ribose.
3. Nitrogen-containing
base.
The 4 bases used in RNA are
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U).
Adenine and Guanine are two ringed (nine-member double ring) and forms the purines
Cytosine (C) and Uracil (U) are single ringed (six-member single ring) and forms the pyrimidines
In RNA; in the place of thymine there is uracil.
This is the summarized video on ribonucleotide
Bonds
within RNA nucleotide or ribonucleotide
Glycosidic
bond
Pentose Sugar and nitrogenous base joined
by glycosidic bond forms ribonucleoside
Glycosidic bond (nitrogen-carbon linkage) between
C1 of sugar-N9 of purine bases (C1-N9 glycosidic bond) (Adenine and Guanine)
Carbon 1 of sugar and nitrogen 1 of pyrimidine
bases (C1-N1 glycosidic bond)(Cytosine
and uracil)
Ester bond in a Nucleotide
Ribonucloside+phosphate =ribonucleotide
Ester
bond formed within nucleotide between 5th Carbon of sugar and
phosphate.
Sugar
reacts with phosphate forming an ester –C-O-bond with release of H2O
These
are the bonds within a nucleotide
Now between adjacent nucleotides in a RNA strand; phosphate is the connecting link.
-C-O bond is called the ester bond.
Two
Ester bonds connect the adjacent ribonucleotide via phosphate. Therefore;
called as phosphodiester bond.
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you