1.
Animal Cell- Theodore
Schwann
2.
Plant Cell - Robert
Hook
3.
Cell Theory - Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
4.
Bacteria – Leeuwenhoek
5.
Gram Staining - Hans C Gram
6.
Virus- Dmitri Ivanovsky
7.
Prions- Stanley B. Prusiner (Prions-Infectious proteins)
8.
AIDS virus (HIV) – Luc
Montagnier
9.
Bacteriophages
discovered by Frederick W.
Twort in (1915) & term coined by Félix d’Hérelle (1917)
10.
Binomial Nomenclature - Carl Linnaeus
11.
Five Kingdom Classification
- Robert H Whittaker
12.
Nucleus- Robert Brown
13.
Lysosome – Christian de Duve
14.
Golgi Complex – Camillo Golgi
15.
Mitochondria – Albert von Kolliker (The mitochondria is a double-membraned
cell organelle, known as the powerhouse of the cell which is present in all
eukaryotic cells.It was first discovered by Albert von Kolliker in the year
1857. It was named as bioblast by Richard Altman in the year 1886. The term
mitochondria was coined by Carl Benda in the year 1898.)
16.
Gene on Chromosome- Walter S Sutton & Bovery. The term gene
coined by Johannsen
17.
Chromosomes- Hofmeister
18.
Cell Division (Mitosis) -Walther Flemming & Edward Strasburger
19.
Meiosis - Oscar Hertwig (Meiosis was discovered
and described for the first time in sea urchin eggs in 1876 by the German
biologist Oscar Hertwig.)
20.
DNA Structure -Watson and Crick
21.
Artificial Gene- Har Gobind Khorana
22.
Process of Photosynthesis -
Jan Ingenhousz
23.
Clavin Cycle- Melvin Calvin
24.
Cell Respiration- Adolf Krebs
25.
Antigen, Blood Group – Land Steiner
26.
Autonomic Nervous System - James Langley
27.
Blood Circulation- William
Harvey
28.
Blood Transfusion- James
Blundell
29.
Pencillin – Alexander Fleming (1928)
30.
Insulin – Banting and Best
31.
Chloroform – Harrison and Simpson
32.
DDT – Paul Muller
33.
Stethoscope - Rene Laennec
34.
Heart Transplantation – Christian Barnard
35.
Vaccination, Smallpox Vaccine – Edward Jenner
36.
Louis Pasteur -Treatment of Rabies, Cure of Hydrophobia, Pasteurization
37.
Developed one of the first successful polio vaccines
(Injectable) - Jonas Edward Salk
38.
Oral Polio Vaccine– Albert Sabin
39.
X-Ray – Wilhelm Roentgen
40.
ElectroCardioGram (ECG) – Williem Einthoven
41.
Electroencephalography (EEG)
– Hans Berger
42.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) – Kary B Mullis
43.
Colour Blindness –John Dalton
44.
Discovered that the Malaria parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes
- Ronald Ross
45.
Charles
Louis Alphonse Laveran discovered parasitic protozoans as
causative agents of infectious diseases such as Malaria and Trypanosomiasis.diseases
46.
Super
Bug – Anand Mohan Chakrabarty (Developed genetically engineered bacteria
(Pseudomonas, the oil eating bacteria) using plasmid transfer .)
47.
Microscope
- Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
48.
Compound
Microscope was invented by
49.
Zaccharias
Janssen and Hans Janssen
50.
Electron
Microscope was invented by - Knoll and
Ruska
51.
DNA
Fingerprinting- Sir Alec Jeffreys
52.
RNA
interference (RNAi) -Andrew Fire & Craig C. Mello
53.
ATP
Discovery -Karl Lohmann
54.
Enzyme
(Zymase) - Edward Buchne
55.
The
first artificial heart Jarvik-7 -
Designed by Willem Johan Kolff and Robert Jarvik.
56.
Genetic
Code -Marshall Nirenberg
57.
Six Kingdom Classification - Carl Woese
58.
Lamarck
- Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characters (Lamarckism)
59.
Fertilization
in Flowering Plants - Strasburger
60.
Discoveries
in relation to Tuberculosis Robert Koch
61.
Diphtheria
Antitoxin - Emil von Behring
62.
Vitamins
– Hopkins
63.
Antiseptic
Surgery - Joseph Lister
64.
Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI)-
65.
Paul
C. Lauterbur & Sir Peter Mansfield Lister
66.
IVF
- Robert Edwards
67.
Chemotheraphy
- Paul Ehrlich
68.
CT
Scan - Godfrey Hounsfield
69.
Gene
Therapy – Anderson
70.
Germ
Theory of Disease - Louis Pasteur (Robert Koch isolated specific bacteria that
cause TB and Cholera. He discovered the role of antibodies in immune response)
71.
Classical
Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov
72.
Principles
of Law of Inheritance- Gregor Mendel Oparin and Haldane
73.
Theory of Chemical Evolution of Life -Oparin and Haldane
74.
Discovery of Streptomycin - Selman Waksman -
75.
Mutation Theory - Hugo de Vries
76.
Temin and David Baltimore - Reverse Transcription
77.
Artistole - First System of Classification of Living Things
78.
Charles Darwin - Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
79.
Barabara Maclintok - Jumping Gene in Maize
80.
First Cloned Mammal(Dolly) - Ian Wilmut
81.
August Weismann -
Germplasm theory
82.
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) -
Osamu Shimomura
83.
First
Hormone (Secretin) -Ernest Starling and William Bayliss
84.
HeLa First Immortal Cell
line -George Otto Gey
85.
(Acetyl Co A) Neurotransmitter - Otto Loewi
86.
DNA Polymerase - Arthur Kornberg (1956)
87.
First Recombinant (rDNA) molecule - Paul Berg
88.
Law of
Minimum -Nitrogen
as essential nutrient in Plant - Liebig
89.
The alpha helix and beta sheet in Protein
Secondary Structure - Linus Pauling
90.
Discovery
of Restriction Enzymes and their application in Molecular Genetics -Arber,
Nathans, and Smith
91.
Theory of Chemical Evolution of Life
92.
Concept
of 'Ecosystem' - A G Tansley
93.
Chromatography
- Mikhail Tswett
94.
Gene
Linkage - William Bateson
95.
DNA as
Genetic Material - Avery–MacLeod–McCarty
96.
Central
Dogma of Molecular Biology- Francis Crick
97.
Gene
Reguation Mechanism in Prokaryotes (Lac
Operon) - Jacob and Monod
98.
Boveri–Sutton
Chromosome Theory (Chromosome
Theory of Inheritance)
99.
Dideoxy
DNA Sequencing Method- Maxam–Gilbert and Sanger
100. Addison's
disease - Thomas Addison
101. Ribozyme
(Catalytic RNAs)-Sidney
Altman and Thomas Cech
102. Gene
discovery using Express Sequence Tags (ESTs)- Craig Venter
103. Molecular
Mechanisms of Circadian Rhythm -Dr. Michael Rosbash, Dr. Jeffrey Hall,Dr.
Michael Young
104. CRISPR technology - Yoshizumi Ishino