The approximate distribution of questions by content category is shown below.
I. BIOCHEMISTRY — 36%
- Chemical and Physical Foundations
- Thermodynamics and kinetics
- Redox states
- Water, pH, acid-base reactions and buffers
- Solutions and equilibria
- solute-solvent interactions
- Chemical interactions and bonding
- Chemical reaction mechanisms
- Structural Biology: Structure, Assembly, Organization and Dynamics
- Small molecules
- Macromolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, polysaccharides, proteins and complex lipids)
- Supramolecular complexes (e.g., membranes, ribosomes and multienzyme complexes)
- Catalysis and Binding
- Enzyme reaction mechanisms and kinetics
- Ligand-protein interaction (e.g., hormone receptors, substrates and effectors, transport proteins and antigen-antibody interactions)
- Major Metabolic Pathways
- Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur assimilation
- Anabolism
- Catabolism
- Synthesis and degradation of macromolecules
- Bioenergetics (including respiration and photosynthesis)
- Energy transformations at the substrate level
- Electron transport
- Proton and chemical gradients
- Energy coupling (e.g., phosphorylation and transport)
- Regulation and Integration of Metabolism
- Covalent modification of enzymes
- Allosteric regulation
- Compartmentalization
- Hormones
- Methods
- Biophysical approaches (e.g., spectroscopy, x-ray, crystallography, mass spectroscopy)
- Isotopes
- Separation techniques (e.g., centrifugation, chromatography and electrophoresis)
- Immunotechniques
II.
CELL BIOLOGY — 28%
Methods
of importance to cellular biology, such as fluorescence probes (e.g., FRAP,
FRET and GFP) and imaging, will be covered as appropriate within the context of
the content below.
- Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Organization, Dynamics and Functions
- Cellular membrane systems (e.g., structure and transport across membrane)
- Nucleus (e.g., envelope and matrix)
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts (e.g., biogenesis and evolution)
- Cell Surface and Communication
- Extracellular matrix (including cell walls)
- Cell adhesion and junctions
- Signal transduction
- Receptor function
- Excitable membrane systems
- Cytoskeleton, Motility and Shape
- Regulation of assembly and disassembly of filament systems
- Motor function, regulation and diversity
- Protein, Processing, Targeting and Turnover
Translocation
across membranes
Posttranslational
modification
Intracellular
trafficking
Secretion
and endocytosis
Protein
turnover (e.g., proteosomes, lysosomes, damaged protein response)
- Cell Division, Differentiation and Development
- Meiosis and gametogenesis
- Fertilization and early embryonic development (including positional information, homeotic genes, tissue-specific expression, nuclear and cytoplasmic interactions, growth factors and induction, environment, stem cells and polarity)
III.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS — 36%
- Genetic Foundations
- Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance
- Transformation, transduction and conjugation
- Recombination and complementation
- Mutational analysis
- Genetic mapping and linkage analysis
- Chromatin and Chromosomes
- Karyotypes
- Translocations, inversions, deletions and duplications
- Aneuploidy and polyploidy
- Structure
- Epigenetics
- Genomics
- Genome structure
- Repeated DNA and gene families
- Gene identification
- Transposable elements
- Bioinformatics
- Proteomics
- Molecular evolution
- Genome Maintenance
- DNA replication
- DNA damage and repair
- DNA modification
- DNA recombination and gene conversion
- Gene Expression
- The genetic code
- Transcription/transcriptional profiling
- RNA processing
- Translation
- Gene Regulation
- Positive and negative control of the operon
- Promoter recognition by RNA polymerases
- Attenuation and antitermination
- Cis-acting regulatory elements
- Trans-acting regulatory factors
- Gene rearrangements and amplifications
- Small non-coding RNA (e.g., siRNA, microRNA)
7.
Viruses
- Genome replication and regulation
- Virus-host interactions
- Methods
- Restriction maps and PCR
- Nucleic acid blotting and hybridization
- DNA cloning in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- Sequencing and analysis
- Protein-nucleic acid interaction
- Transgenic organisms
- Microarrays
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