ANGIOSPERM MORPHOLOGY
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Some of them
have xylem vessels in their wood
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Scutellum in
Monocots: Scaly haustorial embryonic leaf
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Gynostegium relates to Fusion of
stamens with gynoecium
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In Wheat and rice : Pericarp is
fused with seed coat
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Leaf of Tamarindus indica is
Paripinnate
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In Smilax tendrils are Modified stipules
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Cladode -Asparagus
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Phylloclade - Opuntia
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Leaf tendril -Gloriosa
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Stem tendril – Passiflora
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Stem tuber- potato
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Angiosperm: Heterosporous, Male
gametes are non motille
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Protandrous: Androecium matures first
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Fruits Samara fruit- Dioscorea |
Inflorescence Hypanthodium- Ficus |
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Sorosis - Jack fruit |
Spike- Achyranthus Spike - Ophioglossum |
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Hesperidium- Citrus sinensis |
Capitulum consist of Ray florets and disc florets |
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Aggregate fruits - Annonaceae (Custard Apple)
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Cyathium -Male flowers represented
by stalked stamens |
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Caryopsis - Poaceae
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Umbel- Flowers with stalks of equal
length (Apiaceae) |
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Siliqua - Brassicaceae |
Corymb - Older and younger flowers
have stalks of different lengths |
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The dry, one seeded and indehiscent
fruit with the pericarp and testa does not rupture when they fall on ground.
The pericarp is membranous or leathery and free from seed coat or testa is
known as: Achene |
Hypanthodium - Peduncle is modified
to a pear shaped structure
|
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Legume : One chambered dry dehiscent fruit that dehisces along the sutures Legume - Fabaceae |
The characteristic
type of inflorescence of the Genus Arisaema
: Spadix |
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Cyathium -Euphorbiaceae
|
|
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Cypsela-Helianthus annuus
|
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Plant Taxonomy Short Notes
Family
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Asclepidceae Pollinia |
Myrtaceae |
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Ranunculaceae |
Melastomaceae |
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Verbanaceae rarely gynobasic |
|
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Magnoliaceae |
Cucurbitaceae |
|
Capparidaceae |
Rubiaceae Paracytic stomata |
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Polygalaceae |
Asteraceae Syngenecious anthers are present |
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Cryophyllaceae |
Asclepiadaceae |
|
Malvaceae Monothecous anther |
Liliaceae |
|
Commelinaceae |
Arecaceae |
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Araceae |
Orchidaceae |
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Cyperaceae |
Boraginaceae |
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Poaceae The scaly membraneous perianth of graminae
is lodicule |
Leguminosae 6
subfamilies |
|
Scitamineae |
Amaranthaceae |
|
Lamiaceae Gynobasic style - Leucas aspera Verticellaster |
Euphorbiaceae |
|
Dipterocarpacae Trifid style |
|
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Nymphaceae Laminar stamen |
Brassicaceae Siliqua is the characteristic fruit |
|
Podostemaceae families is pseudo embryo sac present |
·
Oblique
placentation - Asclepiadaceae ·
Pollinium - Solanaceae |
·
Apocarpous pistil -Artabotrys
odoratissimus
· Petals are absent in Saraca Asoca
· Chenopodiaceae, Portulacaceae, Aizoaceae, Cactaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Stegnospermaceae, Basellaceae, Amaranthaceae and Didieraceae, which have been placed under a single, order Centrospermae based on the chemotaxonomic marker Betalins.
·
Solanaceae: Carpels 2, syncarpous in an obliquely placed superior ovary
indicate
·
Family having the ability to produce cyanogenic
glycosides as a chemotaxonomic marker character: Rosaceae , Leguminosae, Poaceae
·
Trees with resin; coracious leaves;
flower actionomorphic, hermaphrodite, sepals 5, polysepalous, persistent;
petals 5, polypetalous; stamens many in one to several whorls, slightly
polyandrous, carpels 3, syncarpous, superior; Fruit samara with persistent
sepals : Dipetrocarpaceae
·
Gigantic trees with an abundant resin;
coracious leaves; flower actionomorphic, hermaphrodite, hypogynous; sepals 5,
polysepalous, persistent; petals 5, polypetalous; stamens many in one to
several whorls, slightly polyandrous, carpels 3, syncarpous, superior; Fruit
samara enclosed in persistent sepals: Dipetrocarpaceae
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Verbanaceae: Gynoecium is bicarpellary, superior,
Ovary-2-4-celled, placentation axile, ovule 1 or 2 in each loculus,
Style-Simple, terminal, rarely gynobasic
·
Polygalaceae: Flowers are irregular and bisexual, 5 sepals
but usually 3 green outer sepals and 2 petallike inner sepals. United petals,
usually fused with the stamens, and the lower petal is often fringed. There are
8 stamens, fused to the petals. The ovary is positioned superior. It consists
of 2 united carpels with the partition walls present, forming an equal number
of chambers. It matures as a capsule, nut, or drupe
·
Actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous
flowers with monadelphous stamen are characterstic features of Malvaceae
·
The family/families possess(es)
accessory vascular bundles in the pith – medullary bundles, and in the cortex-
cortical bundles either in rings or irregularly: Amaranthaceae and Nyctaginaceae
·
Labellum in
Orchidaceae comes to anterior side by the
twisting of the ovary through 1800. This process is called Resupination
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Poaceae - Gramineae
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Fabaceae – Papilionaceae (Marginal
placentation)
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Lamiaceae - Labiatae
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Brassicaceae – Cruciferae
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Guttiferae
-Clusiaceae
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Asteraceae- Rubiaceae
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Unilocular Ovary - Sunflower
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Bilocular Ovary - Petunia
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Trilocular Ovary- Asparagus
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Pentalocular Ovary –Hibiscus
Economic Botany
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Asafoetida - Ferula
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White dammar -Vateria.
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Rose wood - Dalbergia
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Para rubber - Hevea